Little represents the glory, power, and strength of France better than the musketeers. Romanticized, idolized and immortalized by modern movies, books, and legends, the musketeer has taken on an almost mythological status in modern minds and for good reason. Their prowess in battle, dashing style, dangerous lifestyle and romantic demeanor all seem to represent the perfect qualities of a man. Women wanted them and men wanted to be them. This view, however, is only accurate for a very small selection of musketeers throughout history.

The name musketeer applies to soldiers from all over the world whose primary weapon was the musket, a precursor to the rifle. It was a muzzle loading, smooth bore gun which was only accurate out to 50 to 100 yards depending on the target. Nations all over the world equipped their infantry with muskets that, with the addition of the bayonet, made both pikes and older gunpowder weapons obsolete. Musketeers became the rank and file soldiers of any army, the basic infantry.

The immortalized image of a musketeer, however, refers to the French Musketeers of the Guard, an elite group of soldiers consisting entirely of skilled nobles or the high elite of the common soldiers. They defended the king and his household in addition to taking part in almost every French campaign in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were the best of the best; the cream of the crop. Their days were spent training or on guard and they received the best of everything. In war they were rightly feared and their presence could turn the tide of a battle. In duels they were deadly with their pistol or trademark rapier and main gauche. Many competing nobles lost their lives in honor duels with these elite musketeers.


Highly influenced by Renaissance style clothing of the time, the musketeer tabard with the cross and fleur-de-lis crest combined dashing style with daring and adventurous practicality. Leather gauntlets and black suede boots along with an undershirt, dueling pants, and a leather cavalier hat completed the look and created a powerful symbol of the ruling French monarchy. Cardinal Richelieu organized a personal musketeer guard for himself and gave them the blood red tabard. Ruthlessly putting down revolts and political opponents in the French government, blood red became a disturbingly accurate color for his reign as the kings chief advisor and right hand man. A black colored tabard appeared in Alexandre Dumas The Man in the Iron Mask.

Their numbers ranged between 150 and 300 depending on which point in history one is looking at, they were nevertheless a highly reliable and powerful fighting force. Able to fight on foot at long range with a musket or pistol as well as in close, hand-to-hand combat with the rapier and main gauche, the Musketeers of the Guard were ready for every situation called for. In addition to being on foot, they were skilled horsemen and could both fire and fight from horseback. They were eventually fully disbanded in 1816 after 200 years of service as the French government could no longer finance them.

illustration from The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas from the Appleton edition 1894

By Alex Smith, MRL Staff Writer